Flat washers, a fundamental component in fastening systems, play a critical role in enhancing stability and load distribution. These thin, disk-shaped washers, also known as plain washers, are designed to fit under the head of a bolt or nut. Their primary purpose is to provide a smooth and uniform surface between the fastener and the surface it is being fastened to.

The key feature of flat washers lies in their ability to distribute the load applied by the fastener over a larger area, reducing the risk of damage or deformation. By increasing the contact area between the fastener and the substrate, flat washers prevent the fastener from sinking into the material, improving the overall strength and integrity of the connection.